Looking at the entire powertrain, the presentation focuses on the aspect of scalability of at the system level of all components. Departing from model prototypes of vehicles, the session delves into the details of optimizing both thermal managent as well as the drivetrain, but also addresses other components such as the DC-DC converter, inverter. While working with simulations at the system level, the session provides insights into the average value of efficiency of the powertrain.